China reference guides

Fengdu’s Mingshan scenic area is on the north bank of the Yangtze in Chongqing.

Wuxing names wood, fire, earth, metal and water in a historical model of change.

CC-CEDICT records 面相, miàn xiàng, with senses including facial features and physiognomy.

CC-CEDICT identifies a sense of 八字, bā zì, as birthdate characters used in fortune-telling.

The 24 solar terms divide the Sun’s apparent annual path into intervals of 15 degrees of solar longitude.

NCCIH describes qigong as a practice involving attention, breathing, movement and posture.

Confucius is traditionally dated to 551–479 BCE, but early sources represent him in different ways.

Su Liupeng painted a handscroll depicting visits to Zhuge Liang’s hut in 1853.

Laozi can refer to a figure of Daoist tradition and to the text also called the Daodejing.

The Hong Kong Film Archive describes Ip Man teaching Wing Chun in Hong Kong in the 1950s.

The British Library’s publication listing identifies The Art of War with Sun Tzu and military strategy.

Georgia Tech’s papermaking museum documents a Chinese woodblock used to print ceremonial paper money.

A Fujian government report describes named Lantern Festival activities in Putian.

A straight-faced sentence can be a joke. Read its context before treating it as a claim about everyday life.

The Xixia Imperial Tombs in Ningxia were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2025.

Xuankong Temple is a cliffside complex in Hunyuan County, Shanxi.

Shaxi’s historic market area underwent a multi-phase rehabilitation project supported by World Monuments Fund.

The National Library of China documents Ma Maoting as a representative inheritor of Miao silverwork from Fenghuang, Hunan.

China’s intangible-heritage record identifies Chizhou Nuo as a tradition associated with places including Guichi, Shitai and Qingyang.

China’s Ministry of Education and State Language Commission launched the language-resources protection programme in 2015.

The Ministry of Culture and Tourism documents a Dongyang woodcarving studio associated with Lu Guangzheng.

吃 (chī) can mean “to eat”, but a compound containing it may have a different meaning.

你好 is a greeting meaning “hello”; its dictionary tones differ from the usual connected pronunciation.

Mandarin has four principal lexical tones and a neutral tone; the syllable ma illustrates the distinction.

谢谢 means “thank you”; CC-CEDICT records its second syllable with a neutral tone.

家 (jiā) can mean home or family, and its meaning also depends on the word in which it appears.

Temu and SHEIN have published descriptions of their platforms; those descriptions do not establish a single explanation for every low-priced item.

The 2021 Chinese-language review listed YYDS, 破防 and 躺平 among its ten internet expressions.

China’s transport ministry reported 9.02 billion cross-regional passenger movements during the 40-day 2025 Spring Festival travel period.

ByteDance describes Douyin and TikTok as separate products in its company history.

A court-published text of China’s consumption-restriction provisions sets out specific enforcement measures, rather than a general explanation of every social-credit policy.

UNESCO inscribed China’s traditional tea-processing techniques and associated social practices in 2022.

UNESCO describes Mount Wuyi’s biodiversity, cultural landscape and the pressures associated with tea production.

CC-CEDICT identifies 拉面, lā miàn, as pulled noodles.

CC-CEDICT identifies 麻婆豆腐, má pó dòu fǔ, as mapo tofu, a beancurd dish in chilli sauce.

CC-CEDICT lists 火锅, huǒ guō, as hotpot in a food context.