Zheng He’s Voyages: Reading a Route and Its Evidence
The Ming voyages associated with Zheng He took place between 1405 and 1433.
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Zhou Dynasty: Western and Eastern Periods
The Met’s chronology distinguishes Western Zhou, 1046–771 BCE, from Eastern Zhou, 770–256 BCE.
Zhuangzi: A Thinker and a Composite Text
Zhuangzi is associated with classical Daoist philosophy; the text bearing his name includes writings by more than one contributor.
Zhuge Liang: Reading a Later Painting as Evidence
Su Liupeng’s 1853 painting of visits to Zhuge Liang’s hut is a later artistic representation of an earlier narrative.
Mandarin Action Words
Mandarin Action Words: a reference table of 10 words, with Chinese characters, dictionary pinyin and selected English meanings.
The Mandarin 把 Construction
把 places an affected object before a verb phrase.
Using 被 in a Mandarin Sentence
被 can mark a passive sentence.
Mandarin Body Vocabulary
Mandarin Body Vocabulary: a reference table of 8 words, with Chinese characters, dictionary pinyin and selected English meanings.
Mandarin Building Vocabulary
Mandarin Building Vocabulary: a reference table of 8 words, with Chinese characters, dictionary pinyin and selected English meanings.
Reason and Result with 因为 and 所以
因为……所以…… connects a reason and a result.
Mandarin Causative Sentences with 使 and 让
使 and 让 can introduce a caused action or state.
Mandarin City Vocabulary
Mandarin City Vocabulary: a reference table of 8 words, with Chinese characters, dictionary pinyin and selected English meanings.