Buddhist philosophical traditions examine suffering, persons and the possibility of liberation.

A bounded introduction#

The Buddha’s teachings became a basis for later arguments in metaphysics and epistemology. Different historical schools developed their own positions; a short introduction cannot stand in for all Buddhist thought.

A way to read critically#

Identify the school and text behind a claim. Distinguish a religious teaching about liberation from a clinical claim about treating a condition. This page makes no promise of a medical or psychological outcome.

Reference#

Scholarly reference. The questions above are editorial reading suggestions. They are not a survey, a claim about all Chinese people or a quotation from a classical author.